Research into practice
What might brain imaging help us understand about meaningful activity, and how carefully should we translate research into practice?
- 72 studies
- Studies published 2015–2025
- Five conditions
What did the researchers investigate?
The review mapped cortical regions investigated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) across autism, ADHD, cerebral palsy, hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy and epilepsy.
fNIRS uses light to measure blood oxygenation changes near the brain’s surface, providing an indirect indicator of cortical activity.
Where researchers look matters
The prefrontal cortex was investigated across all five conditions. Research coverage reflects study priorities and technical accessibility; it does not establish a shared cause.
Activity offers research opportunities
Portable fNIRS offers opportunities to study cortical activity during movement and social interaction.
Links to everyday life need validation
Methods varied substantially. Relationships between brain measurements and everyday functioning need further validation.
The Sensory Project’s interpretation
What can we take into occupational therapy and ASI practice?
For us, the useful invitation is to keep neuroscience connected to the person’s experience and observable participation. Brain research can inform our curiosity, while the person’s priorities give that curiosity a purpose.
The following questions are our reflections on the review. They are not recommendations tested by its authors, and they do not represent a new ASI protocol.
What matters to this person?
Begin with the activities and relationships they want to take part in. Invite their account of what feels possible, difficult or worthwhile.
What happens during meaningful activity?
Bring together the person’s account, assessment findings and observations. Explore what happens in the activity and setting, while remaining open to more than one explanation.
Does change reach everyday life?
Agree with the person what useful progress would look like. Review whether changes support the participation goals that matter beyond the therapy session.